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Track device being used
High- and lowpass adjustments
The crossover with high and low pass filters assigns the appropriate frequency range to each speaker type.
1. Filter adjustments
The high-pass filter is set in the left block, the low-pass filter in the right block. Both filters affect the selected channel (or more, if these were previously linked. The linking always works absolutely).
This block in the main menu allows you to define almost any type of high pass and low pass filter for the selected channel. The following parameters must be set separately:
- crossover frequency [Hz]
- filter characteristic
- filter slope [dB/Oct]
- Q factor (the “Q factor” slider is only accessible, when you have chosen “Self-Define” characteristic).
2. Adjustment of the crossover frequency
Use the slider (with your PC mouse or the arrow keys "right / left") to set the appropriate crossover frequency for the high pass or low pass filter. The setting is made in very precise 1/24 octave steps. You can also enter a desired frequency directly. To do this, click on the field with the crossover frequency and enter a value using your PC keyboard (confirmation with "return" required):
Important note: Be careful with the crossover frequency slider if you want to adjust the high pass filter of a midrange or tweeter while playing music or test signals. A high pass filter accidentally set much too low can destroy the loudspeaker depending on the listening volume.
3. Adjustment of the filter characteristic
There are four different filter characteristics to choose from, as well as the option of adjusting the high pass or low pass filter as a 12dB filter via “Self-Define”. The table on the left shows an overview of the typical properties of the various filter characteristics. When in doubt, you can't go wrong with a “Butterworth” filter - this characteristic is used in most applications.Butterworth (Q = 0.71)
- rather good impulse response
- sharp transition from pass band to stop band
- 3 dB peak at crossover frequency
- the most popular characteristic, applicable for most use cases.
- very good impulse response
- smooth transition from pass band to stop band
- requires speakers with a flat frequency response even outside the used range
- less than 1 dB peak at crossover frequency
- only in combination with very high quality speakers recommended; not applicable for subwoofers
- very good impulse response
- smooth transition from pass band to stop band
- flat response at crossover frequency
- only in combination with very high quality speakers recommended; not ideal for subwoofers
- important: Linkwitz filters are always even-order filters, means only 12 dB, 24 dB or 36 dB slope.
- Very sharp transition from pass band to stop band
- poor impulse response, especially with in combination with high slopes
- no flat response at crossover frequency (1 dB ripple)
- only recommended as low pass filter for subwoofers or for tweeters applications where the chosen crossover frequency is very close to the tweeters resonance frequency.
- only available as 12 dB filter with adjustable Q factor
- should be predominantly used as a high-pass filter in so-called “filtered bass reflex systems”, where the crossover frequency usually corresponds to the tuning frequency of the bass reflex port.
In the following two examples of the different filter characteristics are presented for a 1,000 Hz highpass filter (fig. 1) and lowpass filter (fig.2) with a slope of 24 dB per octave.
4. Adjustment of the crossover slope
These sliders are used to set the slope of the filters in 6 dB steps. The setting range extends from “0 dB” per octave (filter without function) to a maximum of -42 dB per octave (exceptions: PP 62DSP and PP 82DSP only up to a maximum of -30 dB per octave).The influence of the slope on the effect of a filter is shown in the two graphics – once for a highpass filter and once for a lowpass filter with a crossover frequency of 1,000 Hz and Butterworth characteristic.
5. Adjustment of the Q factor
This slider is only active if you have selected the “Self-Define” characteristic. In this case, the slope is fixed at -12 dB per octave and cannot be changed. The Q factor can be varied in 0.1 steps from 0.5 to 2.0. The effect of the different Q-factor settings is illustrated in the graphics on the right. They show highpass and lowpass filters with a crossover frequency of 1,000 Hz.6. The bypass function of the high pass and low pass filters
With the help of the “bypass” button, the effect of the high or low pass filter can be completely deactivated which makes an acoustic comparison “with and without a filter” quite easy.Important note: please be careful with the use of the bypass function in fully active systems in the tweeter or midrange channels. Without high pass filters, irreversible damage to the speakers may occur even at low listening volumes. On the other hand, switching off a low pass filter is not critical.